How does a single-phase motor differ from a three-phase motor?

A single-phase motor operates on a single alternating current (AC) phase, which means it receives power from one phase of electricity. In contrast, a three-phase motor uses three distinct alternating currents, evenly spaced in phase angle, which allows for more efficient power delivery and smoother operation. The three-phase configuration enables the motor to generate a rotating magnetic field that is continuously present, leading to improved torque characteristics and efficiency compared to single-phase motors.

Single-phase motors typically struggle with starting torque and may require auxiliary components to help them start, while three-phase motors can start and run smoothly without additional components due to the balance of the three phases. This fundamental operating principle highlights the primary difference between these two types of motors and their respective applications in industrial and commercial settings.