What distinguishes an AC motor from a DC motor?

An AC motor operates on alternating current, which is a key distinction from a DC motor that operates on direct current. This difference in the type of electrical supply affects the design and functionality of the motors. AC motors can run on a sinusoidal waveform, enabling them to be more efficient and capable of running at various speeds and loads. They typically require less maintenance than DC motors and are used widely in industrial applications due to their robust nature and ability to handle higher power levels.

In contrast, DC motors utilize direct current, which flows consistently in one direction and typically requires brushes and commutators for operation, leading to additional wear and maintenance needs. Furthermore, the characteristics of AC supply allow for the use of simpler starting mechanisms and often support higher torque applications without the additional components that DC motors may need.