What happens at a substation in a distribution system?

In a distribution system, a substation serves a critical role in managing the voltage levels of electricity as it is distributed from higher voltage transmission lines to lower voltage levels that can be used by residential, commercial, and industrial consumers. At substations, the high-voltage electricity received from the transmission system is transformed down to lower voltages suitable for distribution. This process involves the use of transformers which adjust the voltage according to the needs of the area being served, ensuring safety and efficiency in delivering power.

In contrast, power generation occurs at power plants, and high-voltage transmission lines are used primarily to carry electricity over long distances with minimal losses. Additionally, storage of power is typically managed in battery systems or pumped hydroelectric storage facilities, which is not a function of substations. Thus, the function of reducing voltage is essential for making electricity usable at various consumption points, confirming why this answer accurately describes what occurs at a substation in a distribution system.