Which component primarily protects the circuit from overloads in motor control systems?

The fuse is the component that primarily protects the circuit from overloads in motor control systems. It acts as a safety device that interrupts the flow of current when it exceeds a predetermined level, which helps to prevent damage to the wires and connected equipment owing to excessive heat generated by the overload.

When excessive current flows through the circuit, the fuse element heats up and eventually melts, breaking the circuit and stopping the current flow. This action protects the motor and other components in the circuit from the potential hazards associated with overheating, such as electrical fires or equipment failure.

In contrast, an inductor primarily serves to limit changes in current and is not designed specifically for overload protection. A relay is used to control the operation of a circuit, typically responding to control signals but does not inherently protect against overloads. A transformer is meant to alter voltage levels in a circuit and does not act as an overload protection device. Thus, the fuse is the correct answer due to its specific role in safeguarding against overload conditions in motor control systems.